Fig. 2

Spline correlation analysis between outdoor artificial light at night (LAN) exposure and levels of cerebrospinal biomarkers, i.e. beta-amyloid, total tau protein, phosphorylated tau-protein. Light and dark red dots indicate subjects who remained MCI and converted to dementia, respectively. The blue line represents spline regression analysis with 95% confidence interval (light blue area). The red continuous line represents the biomarker cut-off values used at the Modena Neuroimmunology Laboratory (amyloid Aβ1−42: 557 pg/mL; t-tau: 350 pg/mL; p-tau181: 62 pg/mL)